Definition of test, measurement, assessment and evaluation according to the expert

assignment 1
subject: Language Assessment.

Test:
• Hughes (2003) defines Test as a tool to measure language proficiency of students.
• Brown (2004:3) defines Test as a method of measuring a person’s ability knowledge, or performance in a given domain.

Measurement:
• Nunnally & Bernstein (1994) defines Measurement as a process of assigning numbers or labels to attributes with rules that are standardized or agreed upon to represent the attributes that are measured.
• Mardapi (2004: 14) defines Measurement as a basically the activity of assigning numbers to an object systematically.

Assessmemt:
• Assessment is defined as process for making decisions using information obtained through assessment of learning outcomes using tests or nontest (Asmawi Zainul and Noehi Nasution).
•  Assessmemt is defined as something by judging good.  Assessments are qualitative (Arikunto).

Evaluation:
• Evaluation is defined as the process of determining to what extent the educational objectives are actually being realized (Tyler, 1950, p. 69).
• Evaluation is defined as the process of determining merit, worth, or significance; an evaluation is a product of that process (Scriven, 1991, p. 53).

Informal:
• Informal is defined as organized and systematic activity outside of established schooling, carried out independently or is an important part of broader activities, which are intentionally carried out to serve certain learners in achieving their learning goals (Coombs).

Formal:
• Machfoeds and Suryani (2007: 56) defines formal as number of experiences that have a beneficial effect on habits, attitudes and knowledge that have to do with the health of individuals, communities and nations.

Formative:
• Subhan (2008) defines formative as evaluation test conducted at the end of each discussion about a subject or topic that is intended to find out how far the learning process has proceeded as it did.

Sumative:
• summative is defined as test that are carried out after the end of giving a larger group of programs (Dr. Suharsimi Arikunto).


















References:
Essays, UK. (November 2018). Definition Of Test Types Of Test Education Essay. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/definition-of-test-types-of-test-education-essay.php?vref=1
https://mahasiswaupiserang.wordpress.com/2010/09/27/definisi-pengukuran-dan-penilaian-menurut-para-ahli/
https://www.dosenpendidikan.co.id/pendidikan-informal/
https://tentangpendidikan2017.blogspot.com/2017/09/pendidikan-formal-non-formal-dan.html?m=1
https://wawasanpengajaran.blogspot.com/2018/02/pengertian-tujuan-tes-formatif-dan.html?m=1#
https://wawasanpengajaran.blogspot.com/2018/02/pengertian-tujuan-tes-formatif-dan.html?m=1#